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\title{Ethnic Minorities in the US: Native Americans}
\author{Simon Bruder}
\subject{}
\institute{Englisch \\
Christian-von-Bomhard-Schule}
\date{\DTMdisplaydate{2021}{06}{17}{-1}}

\begin{document}
 \begin{frame}
  \begin{figure}
   \pause
   \includegraphics[height=.9\textheight]{rankin-us-map-transparent}
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   \caption{A map showing the mainland United States of America without American Indian reservations. \cite{rankin-reservations-map}.}
  \end{figure}
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 \begin{frame}[plain, noframenumbering]{Table of Contents}
  \tableofcontents
 \end{frame}

 \section{Name}

 \begin{frame}{“Indian” or “Native American”?}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Individual tribes named themselves “First People”
   \item Europeans used “Indians”: Seen as disrespectful due to its use in conjunction with injustice
   \item Alternative: “Native Americans”
   \item Problem: \textit{overinclusivity} (not specific to continental US)
   \item “American Indians” is widely used on reservations and by the tribal
    and US governments
   \item More detailed discussion: \cite{cgp-grey-reservations-0}
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \section{History}

 \begin{frame}{Pre-colonialisation}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Population between 3 and 12 million
   \item Over 600 societies with distinct cultures, languages and lifestyles
   \item Complex social structures and collective decision-making
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \begin{frame}{Conflicts with Colonial Powers}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Invasion of native lands due to rising immigration
   \item Natives were affected by novel diseases
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \begin{frame}{Conflicts with the United States}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Multiple tries to exterminate or assimilate the natives until 1975
   \item Natives were forced onto far away reservations under futile resistance
   \item Original land of the Natives was sold
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \section{Overview}

 \begin{frame}{Population}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item 5.2 million people (1.7\,\%)
   \item Not a homogeneous group
   \item 574 federally recognised American Indian and Alaska Native tribes
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \begin{frame}{Language}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Speak English or traditional language
   \item Over 300 Indigenous languages in the US
   \item Only 175 are still spoken (projected to decline to 20 in 2050)
   \item Most widely spoken language: Navajo (166\,800)
   \item Other languages have less than 20\,000 speakers
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \begin{frame}{Culture and Traditions}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item Majority forcefully converted to Christianity
   \item Traditional spirituality recently experienced a revival
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \section{Reservations}

 \begin{frame}<1>[label=reservations]{Reservations}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item<1-> Over 326 reservations
   \item<1-> Largest reservation: Navajo Nation
   \item<1-> 20\,\% live on reservations
   \item<2-> Often substandard housing (no electricity and indoor plumbing)
   \item<2-> Used as a dumping ground for toxic and nuclear waste
   \item<2-> High rate of violence and crime
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \begin{frame}
  \begin{figure}
   \includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{rankin-reservations-density-transparent}
   \caption{Population distribution of people who identify as “American Indian
   or Alaska Native” with reservation boundaries shown in magenta.
  \cite{rankin-reservations-map}.}
  \end{figure}
 \end{frame}

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 \section{Present-day Issues}

 \begin{frame}{Present-day Issues}
  \begin{itemize}
   \item 8.9\,\% are unemployed
   \item 26.6\,\% are below the poverty line
   \item 30\,\% lower median household income (USD 38530)
   \item Worse education opportunities
   \item Over-representation in jails
  \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}

 \appendix

 \nocite{*} % cite everything

 \begin{frame}[noframenumbering]{Sources}
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\end{document}
