104 lines
3.1 KiB
TeX
104 lines
3.1 KiB
TeX
% TeX program = xelatex
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% vim: set spell spelllang=en_GB:
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\documentclass[language=british]{../common/handout}
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage[style=authortitle]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{bibliography.bib}
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\title{Ethnic Minorities in the US: Native Americans}
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\author{Simon Bruder}
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\subject{}
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\subject{Englisch \\
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Christian-von-Bomhard-Schule}
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\date{\DTMdisplaydate{2021}{06}{17}{-1}}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\section{Name}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Individual tribes named themselves “First People”
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\item Europeans used “Indians”, which is seen as disrespectful due to its use
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in conjunction with injustice
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\item Alternative “Native Americans” has the problem of
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\textit{overinclusivity} (not specific to continental US)
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\item “American Indians” is widely used on reservations and by the tribal and
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US government
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\item More detailed discussion: \cite{cgp-grey-reservations-0}
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\end{itemize}
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\section{History}
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\subsection{Pre-colonialisation}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Population between 3 and 12 million
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\item Over 600 societies with distinct cultures, languages and lifestyles
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\item Complex social structures and collective decision-making (base for the
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United States democracy)
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Conflicts with Colonial Powers and the Independent United States}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Invasion of native lands due to rising immigration and need for more
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space
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\item Europeans brought diseases they were immune to but affected the Natives
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\item Until 1975 the government tried multiple times to exterminate or
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assimilate the Natives
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\item Natives were forced onto far away reservations under futile resistance
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\item Original land of the Natives was sold
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Overview}
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\subsection{Population}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 5.2 million people (1.7\,\%)
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\item Not a homogeneous group: 574 federally recognised American Indian and
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Alaska Native tribes
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Language}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Speak English or traditional language
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\item Over 300 Indigenous languages in the US
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\item Only 175 of which are still spoken, projected to decline to 20 in 2050
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\item Most widely spoken language: Navajo (166\,800)
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\item Other languages have less than 20\,000 speakers
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{Culture and Traditions}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Majority forcefully converted to Christianity, but traditional
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spirituality recently experienced a revival
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Reservations}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 20\,\% live on reservations
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\item Over 326 reservations
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\item Often substandard housing (in some cases no electricity and indoor
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plumbing)
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\item Used as a dumping ground for toxic and nuclear waste
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\item High rate of violence and crime
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Present-day Issues}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Double of the average US unemployment and poverty rate with 8.9\,\% and
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26.6\,\%
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\item 30\,\% lower median household income (USD 38530)
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\item Over-representation in jails
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\end{itemize}
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\appendix
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\nocite{*}
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\printbibliography[notkeyword=image]
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\printbibliography[title=Images, keyword=image]
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\end{document}
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