156 lines
4.5 KiB
TeX
156 lines
4.5 KiB
TeX
% TeX program = xelatex
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% vim: set spell spelllang=en_GB:
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\documentclass[aspectratio=1610]{beamer}
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\usetheme[
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numbering=fraction,
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]{metropolis}
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\usepackage[british]{babel}
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\usepackage[useregional]{datetime2}
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage[style=authortitle]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{bibliography.bib}
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\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\scriptsize}
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\title{Ethnic Minorities in the US: Native Americans}
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\author{Simon Bruder}
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\subject{}
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\institute{Englisch \\
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Christian-von-Bomhard-Schule}
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\date{\DTMdisplaydate{2021}{06}{17}{-1}}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{frame}
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\begin{figure}
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\pause
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\includegraphics[height=.9\textheight]{rankin-us-map-transparent}
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\pause
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\caption{A map showing the mainland United States of America without American Indian reservations. \cite{rankin-reservations-map}.}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[plain, noframenumbering]
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\maketitle
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[plain, noframenumbering]{Table of Contents}
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\tableofcontents
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\end{frame}
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\section{Name}
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\begin{frame}{“Indian” or “Native American”?}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Individual tribes named themselves “First People”
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\item Europeans used “Indians”: Seen as disrespectful due to its use in conjunction with injustice
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\item Alternative: “Native Americans”
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\item Problem: \textit{overinclusivity} (not specific to continental US)
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\item “American Indians” is widely used on reservations and by the tribal
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and US governments
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\item More detailed discussion: \cite{cgp-grey-reservations-0}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{History}
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\begin{frame}{Pre-colonialisation}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Population between 3 and 12 million
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\item Over 600 societies with distinct cultures, languages and lifestyles
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\item Complex social structures and collective decision-making
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Conflicts with Colonial Powers}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Invasion of native lands due to rising immigration
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\item Natives were affected by novel diseases
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Conflicts with the United States}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Multiple tries to exterminate or assimilate the natives until 1975
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\item Natives were forced onto far away reservations under futile resistance
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\item Original land of the Natives was sold
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Overview}
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\begin{frame}{Population}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 5.2 million people (1.7\,\%)
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\item Not a homogeneous group
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\item 574 federally recognised American Indian and Alaska Native tribes
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Language}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Speak English or traditional language
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\item Over 300 Indigenous languages in the US
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\item Only 175 are still spoken (projected to decline to 20 in 2050)
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\item Most widely spoken language: Navajo (166\,800)
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\item Other languages have less than 20\,000 speakers
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Culture and Traditions}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Majority forcefully converted to Christianity
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\item Traditional spirituality recently experienced a revival
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Reservations}
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\begin{frame}<1>[label=reservations]{Reservations}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item<1-> Over 326 reservations
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\item<1-> Largest reservation: Navajo Nation
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\item<1-> 20\,\% live on reservations
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\item<2-> Often substandard housing (no electricity and indoor plumbing)
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\item<2-> Used as a dumping ground for toxic and nuclear waste
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\item<2-> High rate of violence and crime
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\begin{figure}
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\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{rankin-reservations-density-transparent}
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\caption{Population distribution of people who identify as “American Indian
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or Alaska Native” with reservation boundaries shown in magenta.
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\cite{rankin-reservations-map}.}
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\end{figure}
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\end{frame}
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\addtocounter{framenumber}{-2}
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\againframe<2>{reservations}
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\addtocounter{framenumber}{1}
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\section{Present-day Issues}
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\begin{frame}{Present-day Issues}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item 8.9\,\% are unemployed
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\item 26.6\,\% are below the poverty line
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\item 30\,\% lower median household income (USD 38530)
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\item Worse education opportunities
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\item Over-representation in jails
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\appendix
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\nocite{*} % cite everything
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\begin{frame}[noframenumbering]{Sources}
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\printbibliography[heading=none, notkeyword=image]
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\printbibliography[heading=none, keyword=image]
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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